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Motorcyclists & Motorsport enthusiasts, buckle up for a compelling journey that unveils the crucial link between helmet safety and your passion for adrenaline. We shed light on the specific risks you face, and the devastating consequences of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), & present an innovative solution to fortify your protection.
Welcome to The Helmet Doctors, where we strive to empower you with the knowledge and tools to ensure a safe and exhilarating ride/drive every time knowing your helmet’s structural integrity is in optimal condition.
Below and the following stories we will brief you on the areas:
But now let’s look at …
The Mechanics & Design of
Motorcycle Helmets
Dr C.F. Lombard established the basic requirements of protective headgear in the 1950s; the protection system must stay in position during the accident event, the system must provide a barrier to prevent penetration and distribute impact force, and the impact energy must be absorbed to stop transmission of energy to the brain (Hurt and Thom 1994)
Components
Modern motorcycle helmets are composed of the following basic components: an outer shell, an impact-absorbing inner liner, comfort padding, a retention system, a visor, and a ventilation system (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 2013). Figure 1 on our website shows these components on a full-face motorcycle helmet. Let’s review these now, but to fully understand, do pop over to our website and have a look at the illustrations provided.
1. Outer Shell
The hard outer shell is responsible for the distribution of impact force over a large area of the helmet, which therefore reduces the stress concentrations during an impact from reaching the head. This distribution of the impact force also increases the energy absorption capacity of the inner liner as a result of the larger effective area where the impact energy is present (Hurt and Thom 1994).
The shell absorbs the initial shock in an accident – although various studies have shown that only up to 34% of the total impact energy is absorbed by the shell (Di Landro et al. 2002). The hard outer shell prevents helmet penetration by a sharp or pointed object which may otherwise puncture the skull in an accident. The shell, typically 3-5 mm thick, also provides a structure to the inner liner so that abrasive contact with pavement or other impacting forces does not cause disintegration of the inner liner (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 2013).
The inner liner foam absorbs the remaining force of the impact dispersed from the outer shell by crushing during impact and hence reduces the load transmitted to the head and brain (Hurt and Thom 1994). The softness and thickness of the liner are key factors so that the deceleration of the head occurs at a mild rate whilst it crushes the liner on impact (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 2013). Thick foam liners increase the volume and mass of the helmet, which affects the loading on the cervical spine. Ideally, the stiffness of the liner is enough to decelerate the impact on the head in a smooth and consistent manner whilst completely crushing the liner.
Optimal protective liner foam density depends on the site of impact; the foam density should be lower for the front and rear regions, and higher for the top region of impact (van den Bosch 2006).
When the helmet impacts with a sharp edge or point, shell strength, and stiffness are key to prevent penetration to the head. When the helmet impacts with a flat surface, it is desirable to have a flexible shell as a shell with high strength and stiffness will distribute the force too widely in this case and will not allow yielding deformation of the liner (Hurt and Thom 1994). In this way, the efficiency of the liner is highly dependent on the properties of the shell.
2. Comfort Padding
The comfort padding ensures comfort to the motorcyclist and an adequate fit of the helmet by distributing the static contact forces. Due to its low stiffness, comfort foam has no injury-reducing effect as it crushes completely without any significant absorption of impact energy (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 2013).
3. Retention System
The retention system consists of a chin strap which ensures that the helmet remains attached to the head at all times. The strap is bolted to each side of the outer shell. Chin straps and the foam inside the chin bar affect the rotation of the helmet on the head (Mills et al. 2009). The forward rotation of
the helmet or ‘forward roll-off is limited by the proper location of the chin strap attachment to the shell, meaning that roll-off kinematics produce tightening of the chin strap rather than loosening (Hurt and Thom 1994).
4. Visor System
The visor provides protection from objects which may impact the facial region and from weather conditions on ordinary rides (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 2013). The visor is also equipped with water and scratch-proof coating to provide clear vision to the motorcyclist & drivers.
5. Ventilation System
The ventilation system conducts fresh air into the helmet and vents out exhaled air and humidity. This ensures that the temperature inside the helmet is reduced.
For more content or illustrations, head to our website, or check out our FAQ. To reference our article to your friends, or family, in the Motorcycling/Motorsport community, click the link below or simply copy this URL or bookmark the page for future referencing: https://thehelmetdoctors.com/contact-us-helmet-protection-motorcycle-safety-course/. Otherwise read our next article about What Is A Gift Certificate: How & Why Are They Used for Helmet Scanning?, titled “Versatile Helmet Gift Certificates”
“Our motorcycle safety course in helmet protection”
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